Saturday 8 February 2014

HISTORY OF TAMIL NADU FROM ANCIENT TIMES



First Cankam(Sangam) Era: 9850-5450 BCE

Early Pandyas 9850 BCE -250 CE

Second Cankam Era: 5450-1750 BCE
Early Pandyas 9850 BCE -250 CE
Early Cholas 3250 BCE -250 CE

Third Cankam Era: 1750 BCE -250 CE
Early Pandyas 9850 BCE -250 CE
Early Cholas  3250 BCE -250 CE
Early Cheras 1350 BCE -250 CE

First Civinelam Era: 250-556 CE:

Kalapparar 250-560 CE
Pallavas (76-)210-345;360-464 CE
Medieval Pandyas 420-450 CE
Medieval Cholas 506-556 CE

Second Civinelam Era: 556-848 CE:
Pallavas 550-695;700-897 CE
Medieval Pandyas 560-640;670-735;755-765;796-911 CE 
Medieval Cholas 640-755;798-843 CE  

Third Civinelam Era: 848-1279 CE: 
Imperial Cholas 848-1279 CE
Later Pandyas 1216-1314 CE 
Kaadava Pallavas: 1216-1279 CE 

Fourth Civinelam Era: 1279-1533 CE:
Vaanara Cholaraayas: 1309-1538 CE
Tenkasi-Tirunelveli Pandyas: 1314-1334 CE
Maavali Vaanars /Banas of Madurai: 1320-1533 CE 
Madurai Sultanate: (1315-) 1330-1377 CE 
First Madurai Nayaks: 1377-1451 CE 

Fifth Civinelam Era: 1538-1802 CE:
Later Madurai Nayaks: (1533-)1565-1695 (-1736) CE
Tanjavur Nayaks: (1538-)1564-1676 CE
Tanjore Marathas: 1676-1746 CE
Polygars / Paalaiyakkarar: (1573-)1695-1802 
East India Company: (1639-)1802-1857
British India: 1857-1947
Republic of India: 1947-

Civinelam Era: 
ORIENTAL:
1. Medieval and Imperial Cholas: 
As feudatories/vassals of Kalabhra city states across Idaikkazhi-Kodumbalur-Pazhaiyaarai: 250-506 CE
As emperors : 506-556 CE
As Kalabhra / Pallava vassals : 556-640 CE
As emperors : 640-755 CE 
As Pallava vassals/feudatories : 755-798; 843-848 CE
As kings : 848-897 CE 
As emperors : 897-1218 CE
As kings : 1218-1279 CE 
2. Vaanara Cholaraayas: 1309-1538 CE
3. Tanjavur Nayaks: 1564-1676 C.E.
4. Tanjore Marathas: 1676-1746 CE 

SOUTH: 
1. Medieval Pandyas: 420-450 CE and 560-911 CE 
2. Later Free Pandyas: 1216-1314 CE 
3. Tenkasi-Tirunelveli Pandyas: 1314-1334 CE.
4. Maavali Vaanars /Banas of Madurai: 
1320-1533 CE 
5. Madurai Sultanate: (1315-)1330-1377 CE 
6. First Madurai Nayaks: 1377-1451 CE 
7. Later Madurai Nayaks: (1533-)1565-1695 (1736) CE

NORTH: 
1. Thondaiyar Pallavas: (76-)210-897 CE 
2. Kaadava Pallavas: 1216-1279 CE 
3. Arcot Nawabs: 1695-1751 CE